The belief in and promotion of animal rights has had a long history in East and South Asia.
The temple town of Palitana, India is the world's first vegetarian-only city. 2.6.8 Founding of the Animal Liberation Front.2.6.2 Development of mainstream veganism.2.6.1 Brown Dog Affair, Lizzy Lind af Hageby.2.6 20th century: Animal rights movement.2.5.8 American SPCA, Frances Power Cobbe, Anna Kingsford.2.5.2 Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.2.5 19th century: Emergence of jus animalium.2.4 18th century: Centrality of sentience.2.3 Treatment of animals as man's duty towards himself.2.2.1 Early animal protection laws in Europe.2.1 Moral status and animals in the ancient world.This activism is intended to raise public awareness and to change laws, in order to make a major, even revolutionary, practical difference in the lives of animals and in our relationships to them. This has been accompanied by, and has to some extent influenced, many forms of activism on behalf of animals. The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the growth of the anti-vivisection movement, against harming animal in scientific research – a movement in which women played a particularly prominent role.īeginning in the 1970s, there was a surge of interest among philosophers and other scholars in the issue of the treatment of animals, something that continues to this day. Charles Darwin argued not only that there is an evolutionary biological continuity between humans and (other) animals, but also that humans differ from animals mentally and emotionally in degree only. Key scholars in the history of animal ethics include René Descartes, who in the 17th century maintained that animals are automata lacking any consciousness Immanuel Kant, who argued that we have no duties directly to animals and Jeremy Bentham, who insisted that animals’ capacity to suffer must be included in our moral reckoning. Also from ancient times there can be found in all the world's major religious traditions, expressed in varying ways, injunctions against cruelty to animals. But there were other philosophers in ancient Greece and Rome who were more sympathetic to animals, some maintaining that animals do exercise a degree of reason and are owed gentle treatment. Because animals lack reason, he said, they are by nature instruments for human use. There is a rich history of animal protection in the ancient texts, lives, and stories of Eastern, African, and Indigenous peoples.Īristotle placed human beings at the top of nature's scale of being. What follows is mainly the history of animal protection in the Western world. By contrast, the concept of moral rights for animals in a narrower philosophical sense, or of legal rights for animals, is predominantly a development of recent times. The promotion of better treatment for animals has a long history and can be traced in many parts of the world from ancient times.
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